Computations Based on ???

After a cell contains a ??? value, most calculations using that cell will propagate the ??? result. For example, summing a column containing one or more cells with ??? produces ???.

If the ??? result appears in one or more cells, click one of the cells containing ??? and read the error message displayed in the Function Definition text box. See the macro function reference in this guide to see why the error is occurring. Then, modify the function definition so that all input values are valid. For example, with the square root example, you might first take the absolute value of the inputs:

V2 = SQRT(V1) --> V2 = SQRT(ABS(V1))

You may need to backtrace ??? values in any dependent columns to rectify the problem.

Any cells containing ??? passed to the experiment manager as part of a training or test pattern are passed as zeros.